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Health Insurance - Where Do People Get Health Insurance Coverage
Group Insurance
Most Americans get health insurance through their jobs or are covered
because a family member has insurance at work. This is called group
insurance. Group insurance is generally the least expensive kind.
In many cases, the employer pays part or all of the cost.
Some employers offer only one health insurance plan. Some offer
a choice of plans: a fee-for-service plan, a health maintenance
organization (HMO), or a preferred provider organization (PPO),
for example. Explanations of fee-for-service plans, HMOs, and PPOs
are provided in the section called Types of Insurance.
What happens if you or your family member leaves the job? You will
lose your employer-supported group coverage. It may be possible
to keep the same policy, but you will have to pay for it yourself.
This will certainly cost you more than group coverage for the same,
or less, protection.
A Federal law makes it possible for most people to continue their
group health coverage for a period of time. Called COBRA (for the
Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985), the law
requires that if you work for a business of 20 or more employees
and leave your job or are laid off, you can continue to get health
coverage for at least 18 months. You will be charged a higher premium
than when you were working.
You also will be able to get insurance under COBRA if your spouse
was covered but now you are widowed or divorced. If you were covered
under your parents' group plan while you were in school, you also
can continue in the plan for up to 18 months under COBRA until you
find a job that offers you your own health insurance.
Not all employers offer health insurance. You might find this to
be the case with your job, especially if you work for a small business
or work part-time. If your employer does not offer health insurance,
you might be able to get group insurance through membership in a
labor union, professional association, club, or other organization.
Many organizations offer health insurance plans to members.
Individual Insurance
If your employer does not offer group insurance, or if the insurance
offered is very limited, you can buy an individual policy. You can
get fee-for-service, HMO, or PPO protection. But you should compare
your options and shop carefully because coverage and costs vary
from company to company. Individual plans may not offer benefits
as broad as those in group plans.
If you get a noncancellable policy (also called a guaranteed renewable
policy), then you will receive individual insurance under that policy
as long as you keep paying the monthly premium. The insurance company
can raise the cost, but cannot cancel your coverage. Many companies
now offer a conditionally renewable policy. This means that the
insurance company can cancel all policies like yours, not just yours.
This protects you from being singled out. But it doesn't protect
you from losing coverage.
Before you buy any health insurance policy, make sure you know
what it will pay for...and what it won't. To find out about individual
health insurance plans, you can call insurance companies, HMOs,
and PPOs in your community, or speak to the agent who handles your
car or house insurance.
Tips when shopping for individual insurance:
- Shop carefully. Policies differ widely in coverage and cost.
Contact different insurance companies, or ask your agent to show
you policies from several insurers so you can compare them.
- Make sure the policy protects you from large medical costs.
Read and understand the policy. Make sure it provides the kind
of coverage that's right for you. You don't want unpleasant surprises
when you're sick or in the hospital.
- Check to see that the policy states: the date that the policy
will begin paying (some have a waiting period before coverage
begins), and what is covered or excluded from coverage.
- Make sure there is a "free look" clause. Most companies
give you at least 10 days to look over your policy after you receive
it. If you decide it is not for you, you can return it and have
your premium refunded.
- Beware of single disease insurance policies. There are some
polices that offer protection for only one disease, such as cancer.
If you already have health insurance, your regular plan probably
already provides all the coverage you need. Check to see what
protection you have before buying any more insurance.
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