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Glycerol, also well known as glycerin and glycerine, and less commonly
as propane-1,2,3-triol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane,
glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic,
and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. Glycerol is a sugar alcohol and
has three hydrophilic alcoholic hydroxyl groups (-OH) that are responsible
for its solubility in water. Glycerol is prochiral. Glycerol is
used in glycerol soap, in cosmetics and creams, in foods, in chemistry,
and in glycerol fog machine mist. Glycerol is produced from dihydroxyacetone
phosphate (DHAP) by the enzyme glycerol three-phosphate dehydrogenase
(Gpd p) in the mitochondrion of the eukaryotic cell during glycolysis.
Glycerol and triglycerides
When referring to its function in living organisms, the term
glycerol is preferred. Glycerol is an important component of triglycerides
(i.e. fats and oils) and of phospholipids. Glycerol is a three-carbon
substance that forms the backbone of fatty acids in fats. When the
body uses stored fat as a source of energy, glycerol and fatty acids
are released into the bloodstream. The glycerol component can be
converted to glucose by the liver and provides energy for cellular
metabolism.
A byproduct of saponification and transesterification to obtain
biodiesel, this is produced by hydrolysis of three ester linkages
and loss of three equivalents of fatty acid from fat or biological
oil.
Fats and oils are insoluble in water, because the OH groups of
glycerol are replaced by ester groups. They are hydrophobic.
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Information Provided by Wikipedia
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